Great Migration

African Americans have faced difficult adversities throughout their whole life. During World War I more opportunities began to spring up for the blacks. The south treated blacks with hatred and the African Americans had no freedom. The North seemed to allow more opportunities and freedom for the blacks. This is what started The Great Migration. Through all the struggles the African Americans faced the North seemed like the perfect escape for more opportunities and developing a new society for the blacks

The Great Migration began in 1910 through the 1920's. This period in time was when the north received the most african americans to their land. 300,000 to 1,000,000 moved up North during this era.  Blacks living in the South lived a very had life. They were treated like dirt and experienced violence and racial tension just about everyday. The South wanted to have all their control over the blacks so they created things like the grandfather clause, the literacy test, and residency tests to lessen their freedom. It was very hard for blacks to even keep jobs in the South because of the Jim crow act and the competion of the white sharecroppers. This was more of a reason for Blacks to move up North. The Great Migration mechanism between the South and the North was called the "Push vs. the Pull". The South was pushing the South away by their threatening ways of life towards the African Americans. The opportunities and the idea of freedom were pulling the blacks to come to the North. The South and the North viewed the Great Migration negatively. The South needed the African Americans for black labor and farming. The North saw the Blacks as a threat of competition in the labor market as more blacks fled to the North looking for jobs. The Blacks didn't care how anybody viewed them they just wanted to escape the treatment and racial tension of the North. 

Many Blacks reached the North and were given the worst jobs that were provided. Many blacks came to the North to live with a family member or friend until they could begin a life of their own. Once WWI began the Europeans couldn't leave Europe so they weren't able to work in the market. This opened up a lot of better jobs for the African Americans. Men were allowed to work with STeel, trucking, puclic transportation and munition. The North was a big improvement for women because during the wa they were able to belong to the work force. It also was a great opportunity for blacks to receive higher wages. These wages were a lot better than they got in the South. Whites were against this movement because they didn't like to be associated with blacks at the same while working. This began more tension for the blacks and the whites. It developed racial tension, exactly what the blacks were trying to escape! Many Blacks had arrived to the city of Chicago in 1919. So many African Americans arrived that they city began to be overcrowded. Other African Americans already located in the city were displeased with the arrival of so many African American. They felt that they were bringing attention to their race and would create trouble. This was the result of the Chicago Race Riot. The riot lasted 13  days arousing lots of tension between the blacks and whites. Houses were burned, many fights broke out, and people killed. Twenty-three Blacks killed and fifteen Whites killed. After the riot one-thousand African Americans were left homeless. This was major news to spread throughout the U.S. Woodrow Wilson had to promote racial harmony.This was a huge wake up call for the Blacks. They felt threatened. The Blacks thought they were avoiding this kind of behavior when they arrived to the North. This began to rise lots of questions for the Blacks. They felt they needed to make a change! 

The Blacks began to make a goal for improvement in their society. Many African Americans found their comfort through churches. Many churches would offer food, clothes, and a place to stay for those in need. The Blacks felt like they were developing their own community. The Blacks still faced the racial struggle but they were able to create their own community. It consisted of theater, arts, musicians, and the newspaper. They were able to accomplish these wonderful things with help from the NNACP and the UNIA. Right as the Blacks began to settle and felt a bit of freedom in their life another riot began. A White mob entered the black neighborhood and burned many houses and killed all the African Americans they encountered. Forty Blacks were killed just out of hatred. This put a major dent in the Blacks confidence. They were just beginning a new society and developing new advancements to their community. Many Blacks were devastated by the way they were treated but they were sadly used too it. The Blacks still continued on with confidence and demand to improve their lifestyle. Blacks went through a very rough time yet they still had the motivation to keep working no matter what the consequences. 

Blacks suffered for a long period of time and felt the North was their cure, although it wasn't they were still motivated to improve their society. The Blacks suffered a hard life from the past and still struggle with racial conflict today. Our society has made some major improvements and are still working to become better. Looking back from today to the period of WWI we can really see how important it is to keep motivated and believe in yourself.

 

Blacks serving in the war

African Americans packing up to move South primary source

The map of how people from the South traveled up North

Chicago Race Riot

Sources:

AVL: "The Great Migration and the Literary Imagination" This source helped me realize what the truggles and job opportunities were like for the blacks.

AVL: "Distance traveled during the Great Migration" I used this source to explain where all the blacks traveled during the Great Migration 

Land of Hope: Chicago I used this source to help explain the reasons why the African Americans wanted to go to the North.

Myweb.rollins.edu:"The Great Migration" I used this source to explain the result of the African Americans in the North and how they improved their society.

Book.Google.com: "The Great Migration in Historical Perspective" Joe. W. Trotter This source explained the story of the white mob burning and killing the blacks in their neighborhood. 

American History: Economic and Social Results of the War I used this source to explain the push vs. the pull for the South and the North.
Chicago Race Riot of 1919 This source gave me information on the Chicago Race Riot and its causes.

"Great White Fleet" Sources

 http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/ev-1900s/gwf07-09/gwf-10k.htm

 http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/Villefranche-Nice.html

  http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/GWF_Athens.html

 http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/Second_Leg_Hawaii_Page.htm

 http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/GWF_Return_to_Hampton_Roads_Page.html

http://www.cityofart.net/bship/usn_crewmen.html

http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/gwf_cruise.htm

http://www.navy.mil/gwf/auckland.htm

http://web.ebscohost.com/hrc/detail?vid=4&sid=fbc163bb-6cd5-426e-9a0e-742fb3cfb344%40sessionmgr11&hid=7&bdata=JnNpdGU9aHJjLWxpdmU%3d#db=khh&AN=27523189

http://www.greatwhitefleet.info/Second_Leg_Auckland_Page.htm

My Research

I chose to visit  New Zealand, Greece, Hawaii, Egypt, France, and the Hampton Roads through the Great White Fleet. Today I looked up naval recruitment posters to get information on why the sailors joined the fleet. I found other information than just to see the world. I also learned that sailors did it for money and individual gain. In the digital archive i found majority of my research. Ive been able to find all the dates and information on all the places the fleet visited. I also learned about hazards that some fleets faced without even looking it up. For example how the heat in the Mediterranean effected the process of getting coal. I found other adversities but I also found a lot of luxuries the sailors experienced. Although the Great White Fleet was hard work the sailors also got a lot of free time to enjoy their new surroundings. Ive already learned a lot of information just from a couple sites so I cant wait to learn more with new sources!

Crimes is a continuous occurence happening all over the world. These crimes have exsisted for many years even before any weapons were involved. A man named Johann Hoch was one of the many murderes that made a dent in the United States. In the Gilded age systems and protection rights were a lot weaker than they are now. This made it possible for people to get away with their horendous crimes and continue to persue them. Johann's story, along with many others, helped formalize many systems including a stronger police department and more enidence on insanity cases. 

Johann Hoch was a lady killer. He was from germany and convienetly traveled over to the states with no problem. This was the beginning to the weakness of sysytems occuring in the world. Immigration was a major subject happening in the U.S. They had no boundaries at the time to control other people crossing the border. Hoch was desperate for money and had no job. He conspired a trecherous idea to make a never ending money supply. It involved rich widows. Hoch's plan consisted of marrying rich widows, taking their money, then poisining them to death and as a result he would flee the town. Hoch had a special "potion" he gave the women which contained of arsenic. The Gilded age had doctors but they didnt have advanced equipment to recognize what had been put into the widows body. This allowed him to get away with murder. Hoch would repeat the process and move to the next city to encounter a new rich widow. Over time, Hoch was able to go through sixty murders of women without being caught. Once Hoch was finally convicted he denied the situation and remained silent about his dirty deeds. The Police began to bring in endless clues of evidence that Hoch was forced to be guilty. Hoch was put through a trial and put into an insane asylum. 

Police were not very involoved in the Gilded age. They were very careless and most of the men didn't take their job very seriously. Some police were convicted of helping prisoners escape jail. These men were not very professional and were not respected by the townspeople. In the gilded age the regular crime rate consisted of: 28 cases of assault, 7 of theft, 2 of rape, and 1 of helping prisoneers escape. This is what has been recorded from the time period but much more was going on throughout the city that the police department weren't aware of. Crime was an occuring problem happening in cities all over the U.S., this made policemen more aware and was the start to their more professional title. There was no big event that caused the rise of security, but just the build up of many other cases occuring around the country. Johann Hoch's case happned to be one out of the many that helped unionize the police department to become more official. Hoch's case was very eye opening because evidence came in that showed the crime occurring over and over again without any punishment. This made policemen want to be more cautious and aware of what is happening the people in their cities. This era helped form policemen into stable hard working men as they are today. 

Poilcemen also were involved in the trials involoving the criminals. They helped give an input on the punishment of the suspect. Uneducated people were being put in positions that they shouldnt have been put in. This caused the uproar of false accusations. Hoch was charged with insanity because people thought if you thought it was okay to kill people as a living you had to be insane. Right? Wrong, yes it was crazy to go through with such a harmful task but that doesn't mean that you are clincally insane. That's where the people had it all wrong. The M'Naghten rule was a plan to limit the insanity defense. This rule formed two types of insanity. One being the basic inpotness to determine right from wrong. Then there was also Volitin insanity which was experienced by mentally healthy people who act in  a crime and at the time are so unstable that they cannot abide by their actions. This helped make a clear division between insane assylum and jail time. In the gilded age many criminals were put into insane asylums and cared for clinical help when it wasnt needed. These two rules helped distinguish people into different states of mind. In the gilded age crime was a new upcoming subject and people felt that charging them with insanity only seemed right. When multiple cases started to appear just like Hoch's people began to become wiser and come up with the M'Naghten rule. With time criminals were put into jails instead of insane asylums. It was still very different from the modern world today because today if those crimes were performed now the criminal would be put to the electric chair immediately. 

During this time period many improvements were made pertaining to the multiple cases of crimes. Hoch was one of the harmful men in this world that helped lead to security improvements. Although he was a terrible person who participated in awful tasks he assisted in making this world a better place. Criminal cases still occur in the modern world today but are taken better care of with wiser decisions. Crimes will continue to happen but our countries security system will also continue to grow and become stronger. 

Johann Hoch 

Arsenic Poison  

Johann Hoch victimized these types of rich widows

Sites and Sources:

Stories of Great Crimes & Trials By: Oliver Jenson-http://www.abebooks.com/9780070324657/Stories-Great-Crimes-Trials-American-0070324654/plp

http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87076843/1905-02-24/ed-1/seq-3/;words=Johann+HOCH+JOHANN+Hoch?date1=1880&rows=20&searchType=basic&state=&date2=1920&proxtext=+Johann+Hoch+&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&index=2

http://www.jstor.org/stable/27567600

http://www.stamfordhistory.org/ga_police.htm

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/M'Naghten+Rule

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/crime/trial/history.html

http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/M'Naghten+Rule

Faces of America

The video, faces of America, really opened my eyes to see how immigrants came to America. It was very interesting to not only see one part of the world but many other countries getting to the U.S, like Germany and Japan. It really made me realize what a struggle it was to make it over to the states. Traveling to America wasn't the only hard part. Many people had to leave important things and loved ones behind, not knowing if they would ever see them again. Coming to America was a huge sacrifice. People took this sacrifice for more opportunities. People suffered in other countries. They wanted to start a new life, coming to America to find money and jobs. I also noticed many families would have 8-10 children whereas now that is pretty rare. They would have this many children to help support the family by working and supplying money. It was very interesting to me to see how people that traveled to America like the cast in the Faces of America turned out living a very successful and wealthy life style. This shows that no matter what kind of background you come from if you work hard to achieve what you want you can get it. 

I feel being classified as a "nation of immigrants"is very significant. It shows that you had successful and hard working ancestors. It portrays their success because it shows that they were able to make it to the states, and that they came for new opportunities. Leaving a homeland isn't very easy. Many people who did this had to start their lives over into a new cultural identity, that they weren't familiar with. There was no comfort about leaving your homeland. You just had to be confident in where you were going and that you were going to work to get a good salary. The immigration from many different countries all helped shaped America. Bits and pieces of each country has been contributed to shape the U.S. as it is today. In daily life I don't ever think about my family tree or my connections to my ancestors. Watching this video gave me interest to want to find out where I  come from. I find it very interesting to know the struggles and hardships my family members faced to come to America. Although i don't know all the information of my family tree, this movie has inspired me to research my family's journey to America. 

 Andrew Mellon was one of the top american industrialists of the late 19th century. Andrew came from a very hard working and succesful family. His family owned a bank in Western Pennslyvania. Mellon and his brother became the main leaders of the bank under their own dad. The bank spread throughout the nation and beacame a main base for the U.S. Andrew was very fortunate and was blessed onto a wealthy family. He was able to earn sucess through a family buisness. Although he gained great sucess through his family business, Mellon still had an exceptionally great talent. Mellon became more involved with the bank everyday and was able to help large corporations like ALCOA, Carborundum, Koppers, and Gulf oil. Mellon acquired many holdings making him one of the richest in the nation. After his bank career in became the secretary of treasre of Pennslyvania. This postion made him more of an national figure. Under this role Mellon was able to cut taxes, enforce prohibition, and improved financial prosperity. The criticism and buisnneses cnnections began to crash and led to the collaspe of his public career. Mellon had a very succesful career in the office and was able to make many changes and improvements that were very beneficial to the nation.

Later in Mellon's life, after his treasurer position he became a philanthropist. Mellon was very passionate in art and viewed paintings and other structures in great depth. He was a very wealthy man and was able to purchase paintings from the soviet union. Andrew developed the Insitutue of Industrial Research at the Universoty of Pittsburg. He performed in this task to make improvements in the industrial program. He also donated ten million dollars to the educational institute. He was a very generous man and wanted to help the nation expand and increase the development of new industrialists. He performed in this task to make improvements in the industrial program. Mellon continued to expnd his art collection becasue of his love for art. He wanted to donate his gallery of collections he had collected through the years to the nation. He started to open The National Gallery of Art so he could share all of his magnificent pieces of art. Mellon died soon after and the Institute of Idustrial Research joined with Carnegie Institute of Technology which became known as the Carnegie Mellon University. It contains science and technology research to help the growth of the nation. I feel that Mellon would feel very accomplished with this decison because he was very interested in any ways to help the country. Mellon was able to experience many different tasks throughout his life that i feel helped shaped him to be the succesful man he came out to be.
http://www.plannedlegacy.com/newsletter/andrew-w-mellon-bio.html   http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Mellon__Andrew.html

Native Depiction of Twilight

Throughout many generations the media has always been popular. Film and television is a great form of entertainment for people. The audience witnessing these shows may view them in a comical way,but some may dig deeper and be more critical. An issue we have come across in the the media is the depiction of Native Americans. The Native people viewed in Hollywood films aren't always as accurate as they should be, pertaining to the actual traits and culture of a real Native American. The natives have come into conflict with the producers and authors of the films and shows portraying their race in an unofficial way. In the most resent movie, Twilight, native americans have came across major controversy between the characters and actions depicted in this movie.

This pictures portrays a persons feelings towards the way the native culture is being viewed

In the early 1900's stereotypes were a big problem occurring in the media for Native americans. Hollywood began with one western show and it became a hit. This led to multiple shows and movies revolving around the western time period. This period involved Indians. The producers came to think that the more violence and exaggeration they added, the more popular the film would become. The Indians begged to differ. Native Americans were being viewed as crazy savages hunting and fighting not only animals but humans. The stereotypical Indian would be shown with a headdress filled with feathers, leather clothing, and long hair. This created an uproar for the native community because they felt as if they were getting no appreciation and all the tales being told in the films were false. the Indians felt betrayed because all the natives depicted in the cinema were all the same; They had all the same dress-wear  and even the same traits. None of the natives had a special quality they were all viewed the same. Not only were the natives culture being shown inaccurately, but the "native actors" weren't even native american. This created another controversy with the indians because they weren't even using real native americans to play the role of an Indian character. Many Natives complained because they felt it was disrespectful and a disgrace to their culture especially because the information was incorrect.         

This picture shows the Indians in their stereotypical outfits.  This image of the natives was created by the cinema.

The past depiction of Native americans in Hollywood films has mildly improved. Although it has become less of a conflict with the indians there are still arguments. In Twilight, the most resent film released in 2010, led to uprising conflict to begin once more. In the movie there is a clan of native americans that belong to their own property. This property filmed in the movie belonged to the real native american tribe, the Quilete's. This is a very small unknown tribe within the natives. The producers filmed their scenes of Twilight in the town of Forks. Hollywood asked the chamber of commerce for the consent of using their land. The producers got the approval and began to film as they please. When they came across the Quileute's land they asked no permission. The cast disrupted some of their ancient graves and ancestral importances. Also after the movie was filmed many fans in admiration of the twilight cast came to tour the land themselves, again without consent of the native tribe. The Quiletes are a low class tribe suffering of poverty. They were appalled by the destruction of their land. The Quiletes were never contacted about the use of their homeland or their sacred artifacts. The tribe felt taken advantage of in response to the unfair usage of their culture. Another conflict all indians came into conflict with, was the actors portraying the role of the natives. The famous characters, Jacob Black, Sam Uley, and Leah Clearwater were all frowned upon by the natives because of the uneducated view of their racial roots. The Natives were unhappy that the actors hadn't learned about the actual culture they were acting out until after the movie was finished. This made the natives feel once again dishonored. The natives felt the producers had no desire in teaching the actors their true ethnicity but to just make themselves successful. Twilight had reopened a sensitive subject for the native americans.

These are the actors who played the native roles in the movie Twilight.

Twilight did create conflict with the natives but it also portrayed positive turnouts. Compared to the past depiction of natives represented in earlier films, Twilight was able to break free from the native stereotypes. The clan in the movie avoided feathered headdresses, leather, and horses. Each character in the movie had their own traits and personality. This differs from the past media because earlier indians were all viewed the same in films. Twilight showed Indians as different people with special qualities. This helps develop a new reputation for natives for the audience to absorb. The native american tribe is slowly decreasing today. This movie, that involves native culture, helps revive the manifestation and remind the natives what they come from. Although the actors in Twilight weren't able to learn the roots of the native culture till after the movie was produced they still learned them and now know the ancestral roots instead of nothing at all. If the actors never played these characters they would have never discovered the real native roots. This movie has helped the native americans by being viewed differently. Twilight has helped the natives because it is directed towards a younger audience making their reputation more honorable for a new generation. This movie has helped changed the media and the status of native americans.

Twilight created conflict for the natives in a positive and negative way through the way the characters  portrayed their culture.  The natives had good and bad depictions of the movie. Although this movie did rise arguments from the natives it was also a very supportive films for the natives. I feel that although some things in the movie were inaccurate it was still completely different from the past films and shows involving natives. The natives should be appreciative that their stereotypes are slowly dying down and that twilight was a good outbreak for the tribes. This movie helped audiences of today see in natives in a new perspective. I feel like it can only get better from here and that soon natives will be portrayed as they please with no conflict.

Sources:

http://twimedia.blogspot.com/2010/03/issue-of-native-misrepresentation-in.html

http://twilightguide.com/tg/2010/01/25/the-twilight-craze-the-rise-of-native-american-actors-in-hollywood/

http://tvmultiversity.blogspot.com/2011/02/stereotypes-of-native-americans-in-us.html

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